The Most Effective Treatment For Anxiety Disorders Essays

The Most Effective Treatment For Anxiety Disorders Uneasiness issue are turning into a far reaching pandemic in America. Every year we spend more than $46 billion dollars, about 33% of our complete psychological well-being bill, rewarding the very nearly 20 million Americans influenced by tension issue. With these stunning numbers, it is nothing unexpected that analysts and specialists are looking at a wide range of types of treatment so as to discover more and better approaches to analyze and treat these crippling issue. The American Psychiatric Association expresses that no single circumstance or condition causes tension issue. Or maybe, physical and ecological triggers may join to make a specific tension disease. Psychoanalytic hypothesis proposes that nervousness originates from oblivious clashes that emerged from inconvenience during early stages or adolescence. For instance, an individual may convey the oblivious clash of sexual sentiments toward the parent of the other gender. Or then again the individual may have created issues from encountering a sickness, dismay or other genuinely loaded occasion as a youngster. By this hypothesis, nervousness can be settled by recognizing and settling the oblivious clash. The manifestations that represent the contention would then vanish. Learning hypothesis says that nervousness is an educated conduct that can be unlearned. Individuals who feel awkward in a given circumstance or almost a specific article will start to maintain a strategic distance from it. Be that as it may, such evasion can confine a patient's capacity to carry on with an ordinary life. All the more as of late, research has shown that biochemical lopsided characteristics can be factors. Numerous researchers state all considerations and sentiments result from complex electrochemical connections in the focal sensory system. In addition, a few investigations show that mixtures of certain biochemicals can cause a fit of anxiety in certain individuals. As indicated by this hypothesis, treatment of uneasiness should address these biochemical awkward nature. Despite the fact that drugs previously strike a chord with this hypothesis, recollect that reviews have discovered biochemical changes can happen because of passionate, mental or social changes. Presumably every one of these hypotheses is consistent with some degree. An individual may create or acquire an organic helplessness to nervousness issue. Occasions in adolescence may prompt certain feelings of trepidation that, after some time, form into an all out tension issue. Dr. Rolland Bailey, D.O. states in an ongoing meeting, An assortment of components have been distinguished as potential reasons for steady uneasiness. There is proof it might be because of a lopsidedness of a synthetic considered serotonin n the mind. In individuals with nervousness issue, it has been proposed that there is an overabundance of serotonin. Different synthetics may likewise be answerable for causing tension. Diligent tension has likewise been appeared to run in families, showing a potential innate impact. Unpleasant occasions may likewise be causes or triggers of uneasiness. As per the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill a few elements appear to add to the advancement of an uneasiness issue. Much new exploration recommends that these clutters both spat families and are the aftereffect of one's cerebrum science. Certain educational encounters and one's general character are likewise thought to impact the probability of having an uneasiness issue. As demonstrated by James Herbert, Ph.D. Program Director and Associate Professor of Psychology at Hahnemann University that while nobody knows for certain what causes social fear, the logical examination proposes that both natural and ecological variables are most likely included. Individuals with social fear have likewise been appeared to have certain predispositions in their reasoning. For instance, they frequently overstate the dangers and risks of certain social circumstances. The treatment choices are as changed as the quantity of experts rewarding these scatters. The issue with treatment choices for social nervousness issue is that, not normal for some other mental issues, social uneasiness isn't surely known by the overall population or by clinical and psychological wellness care experts, for example, specialists, specialists, analysts, advisors, social laborers, and guides. Indeed, individuals with social nervousness are misdiagnosed practically 90% of the time. Individuals with social fear are regularly named as schizophrenic, hyper burdensome, clinically discouraged, alarm disarranged, and character scattered, among other harming misdiagnoses. Social uneasiness issue, as other psychological maladjustments, reflect brokenness inside the cerebrum, as indicated by Dr. Steven Hyman, we are starting to comprehend the particular circuits in the mind that underlie the various sicknesses (1). The vast majority experience sentiment of nervousness before a significant occasion, so what isolates these

Understanding Between Information Technology -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Understanding Between Information Technology? Answer: Presentation: This report examines about the Point of offer framework that is considered as a significant innovation introduced in the of all shapes and sizes organizations nowadays for different purposes. It has a portion of the advantages to the organizations yet in addition have a portion of the faults that ought to be evaluated before introducing the framework. This report centers around clarifying the equivalent alongside the portrayal of its specialized perspectives including the link and the wires utilized in the distinctive sort of POS systems. Favorable circumstances of Point of offer: The organization for the situation that is Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery was confronting such a large amount of issues with respect to its tasks. These issues should be redressed and in this manner another POS framework has been introduced in the business elements of the organization. Following are a portion of the advantages that the organization has increased in the wake of introducing the new POS framework: Overseeing deals and stock are the most significant advantages that the organization is getting a charge out of after introduce this new POS framework (Wagner, Beimborn and Weitzel, 2014). The organization can without much of a stretch foresee the necessities of the items and the stock and this aides in dealing with the stock decreasing the putting away expense. This is on the grounds that the stock or stock is kept or requested just when it is required and that estimation can be made with POS. The various advantages are identified with stock just, for example, POS framework helps in dissecting the market which thusly gives the data about the requests. This as well as it has the ability to follow the deals and the exchanges made. This assistance Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery to dissect the general benefits and the normal benefits later on can be evaluated. Another significant advantage that the POS framework offered to the Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery is detailing. This framework has all the data spared which can help hotel among the reports of the information. These reports eventually help in building up the plans and evaluating the development of the business (Benson, 2008). Last yet not the most recent, one of the significant advantages are the organization can without much of a stretch spotlight on their primary exercises and the time that was before spent on the non-esteem included exercises can be spent the significant business exercises (Edwards, Skoog, Babu and Doroguske, Square, 2016). Impediments of POS framework: Alongside every one of these preferences, a portion of the hindrances of this framework ought to likewise be broke down. The significant negative mark is costs. Introducing the POS framework in the organization is pricey and requires the organizations like Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery to spend a greater amount of its capital in establishment of the framework. Simultaneously, it is required to purchase the updates of the product as and when accessible. Another burden of the equivalent is the recruiting of talented work and preparing of the previously existing representatives (Ezell, Madden and Totterdel, Verifone, 2015). As now these representatives need to manage the new POS framework along these lines there must be prepared for the equivalent. Upper hands by POS framework: The upper hand of Four Seasons Greenhouse and Nursery that has been picked up by introducing the POS framework is deciding. This is the serious edge that the organization has accomplished in light of the fact that the POS framework permits the organizations to pros the important data for settling on compelling choices. Presently the choices of the organization depend on statistical data points and not on presumptions. Concentrated database: Concentrated database is characterized as the database that goes about as the focal cut off for the organization which is the significant point for connecting the customer frameworks (Gupta, 2016). POS is likewise one of the significant sorts of unified framework that is introduced in the organization which can be evaluated and worked by the specific division and is connected to all the customer gadgets. This framework causes the organization to examine the market circumstance and make the expectations according to the examination. Incorporated framework helps in dealing with all the exercises from one spot. A portion of the significant advantages of having the brought together framework are: Information sharing: the significant bit of leeway of utilizing the particular and brought together framework or database is that the information that is put away on the unified server deice can be shared to the related customer gadgets without any problem. POS framework is likewise an incorporated framework and therefore the reports that are made or any sort of data that has spared in this framework can be imparted to all having the connected customer gadgets. Information stockpiling and security: concentrated arrangement of the organization has enormous ability to store the information which is put away securely here (Schwalbe, 2015). Concentrated database doesn't just go about as the capacity gadget yet it stores the information with high security. It has all the data of the organization and in this manner it must be kept made sure about at the incorporated spot which can be gotten to just by a portion of the individuals of the organization. Recouping information: this is another significant advantage of utilizing the incorporated framework. The framework helps in recuperating the information whenever lost. There are numerous alternatives accessible on the incorporated framework that can be utilized to get the lost information (Lowenthal, Baxter, Bhade and Mandal, Chargepoint, 2017). Dynamic and POS: As talked about before that dynamic is the serious edge that the organization has picked up from establishment of POS framework. Stock is one of the most significant elements of the organization that requires visit dynamic. It has been examined that POS framework introduced in the organization has upheld the dynamic procedure for the equivalent. The stock expectation choices can be made by utilizing the data and the measurements that are resaved on the POS framework. Another significant choice is about stocks. Mystery or suspicions can be diminished by the POS framework. This is on the grounds that the exact choice or the stock tally can be recognized utilizing the POS framework and it isn't required to expect the equivalent. The business can find out about its wide capacities (Turban, Leidner, McLean and Wetherbe, 2008). In prior occasions, when the capacities are dealt with physically, the report arrangement is the restricted procedure and a portion of the things or models were mis sed yet announcing in the POS framework helps in getting as good as ever information that can additionally helps in settling on better choices for the business. Market choice can likewise be picked up with the assistance of POS framework. This is on the grounds that investigation of the market gives the data about the ongoing interest and market patterns. This permit the organization to settle on compelling choice so as to choose which items ought to be sold in bigger quality and high should be halted to dispatch available (Lu and Ramamurthy, 2011). Mistake free choices can be made by utilizing the information and data put away in POS framework and can be the business staff at official level can have the entrance to take a portion of the prompt choice in the field. Telecom in POS: Different media transmission frameworks are required to associate the POS systems. A portion of the regular media transmission organizes that can be sued are: LAN: it is likewise called as Land Area Network. It is the briefest range arrange that permits the organizations or the clients to make association in the nearby are run. Wired association is utilized in this sort of system MAN: this can likewise be called as metropolitan region arrange and as the name proposes it has more extensive territory than the LAN. It has better and huge ability to interface the gadgets and along these lines can be utilized by the organization which ah huge market zone. WAN: it is additionally called as Wide Area Network. As the name recommends, it has the largest range that can idea the zone between the entire nations. Remote associations are commonly utilized for this system as it has bigger and more extensive zone. For this situation, it has been distinguished that LAN IS utilized. This is on the grounds that the business is little and the territory engaged with likewise not very enormous. Just a solitary structure of the workplace requires the gadgets to be associated in this manner wired associations are made between the customer and the server gadget. Inclusion of single site makes the organization to utilize the LNA arrange for associations. MEDIA: There are two sorts of media that are utilized for making the associations. The first id wired that includes the genuine wire associations and the other one is remote that includes the associations with different advances, for example, Bluetooth or Wi-Fi that requires the wire to make associations. As for the situation organization, LAN is the system that has been utilized in this manner wired association ought to be made. This is on the grounds that LNA included an extremely restricted zone and these wires can be utilized to make productive association with more noteworthy speed (Smith, 2014). Sorts of wires: There are different sorts of wires that can be utilized in LAN systems. Some of them are examined underneath: Unshielded turned sets: The link comes two by two. These pair of wires is wound with one another yet doesn't have any shields. The power and recurrence of the turns in the wires relies upon their explicitness and use (Latr, Braem, Moerman, Blondia and Demeester, 2011). Protected contorted wires: these are links wires that recapture turned yet has shield over it. This shield utilizes wires safe. This shield or the covering additionally bolsters higher network and are anything but difficult to deal with (Sterling, overdrive, 2014). Multi mode wires: This is the kind of wire that has numerous capacities. It requires the outflow of lights at the hour of making associations. The zone secured by this wire is less up to 2 kms and along these lines can't be utilized in the associations with bigger than 2 km territory (Sanderford Jr, Rouquette, Naden, Reed, Boudreaux and Brown, 2009). Single mode wire: It is same as multi mode wires. This is on the grounds that it additionally expects light to make associations. It is a solitary wire link that additionally constrains its utilization on account of its less length. For this situation study, it has been examined that the most re

Human Rights and Social Justice

Human Rights and Social Justice Integrated Paper Vicki MacWhinnie-Ilundain Fordham University Viewpoint and Concepts that Best Clarify the Dilemmas in Hugo’s Case Hugo’s story features the worth clashes that social specialists face in consistently practice. The arrangements that direct the subsidizing, the extent of administrations, and the qualification for the administrations that Hugo may require so as to complete his essential human rights were created inside a framework that keeps on rehearsing inside the Rawlsian hypothesis of social equity outline work. In this way, these administration approaches will in general help the idea that individuals are just qualified for their â€Å"fair and due share† of administrations as well as access to assets on the off chance that they are attempting to improve the benefit of the over all general public (Banerjee, 2005, p. 13). In Hugo’s case, there are mental, social and physical variables that may affect his capacity to keep up productive work. These individual parts of Hugo’s life circumstance are not mulled over in deciding to what extent he can get bolsters, or what kinds of supports he gets. The state-supported monetary advantages that Hugo requires so as to have his extremely, essential needs met, for example, food, apparel and sanctuary, have a five-year limit. Since there is no thought to human rights behind the 5-year limit, Hugo has neglected human rights. This makes a worth clash for Hugo’s social specialist, who is working inside a framework that has Rawlsian injected approaches; yet, is ordered by the National Social Work Code of Ethics to advance social equity in a way that regards the one of a kind qualities and respect of the individual (NASW, 2008). You can peruse also Justice System Position Paper The social laborer working from a human rights-based point of view; where as per Ife (2008) â€Å"there is a commitment on each citizen to regard and backing people’s rights†, will address Hugo’s neglected necessities that come from this 5-year limit strategy as unfulfilled rights instead of surveying them as requirements for which Hugo might meet all requirements to get administrations (p. 113). Adding to the multifaceted nature and worth clash of the social worker’s job is the requirement for the social specialist to join forces with Hugo to recognize his benefits; however to likewise distinguish the obstructions he faces. The social laborer can build up a more inside and out comprehension of Hugo’s boundaries by investigating the degrees of mistreatment Hugo encounters and his positionalty opposite all the frameworks and people he collaborates with in the public arena. Hugo is encountering abuse at an auxiliary level because of his situation as an outsider from Haiti who has experience injury. Hugo has mental and physical weaknesses as the consequence of past injury, he is of an ethic foundation that isn't a piece of the advantaged class in the United States, and he was brought into the world outside the United States. These attributes, which Hugo acquired through birth and by means of horrible educational encounters, will in general lead to separation in the United States. Because of deliberate separation, Hugo has a place with a subordinate gathering in the general public and is mistreated by the predominant gathering. Mullaly (2010) clarifies that this â€Å"web of persecution †¦occurs generally in light of the endorsed ways that social establishments, laws, social approaches, and social practices all work together to profit the predominant gathering to the detriment of subordinate groups† (p. 197). Difficulties in Social Work Practice as a Result of a Paradigm Shift In this procedure of distinguishing resources and obstructions, the social laborer may confront further worth clashes that sway their capacity to engage Hugo to guarantee his human rights: The social specialist has a good and expert commitment to assist Hugo with supporting for his human rights. This will incorporate supporting Hugo’s want to partake in a claim against the US government, who made the 5-year limit on open money related help. In Hugo’s situation, the lawful order that restrains the aggregate sum of years he can get to subsidizing is hindering Hugo’s right to food, cover, substance misuse treatment, mental consideration, and wellbeing. As a representative of a state subsidized program, the social specialist isn't permitted to overlook this order or look to subvert it in any capacity. The social specialist is confronted with the test of collaborating with Hugo to help his journey to realize his human rights while working inside a lawful command that limits Hugo’s access to the assets he requires so as to guarantee his human rights. The social specialist is likewise tested to reframe the manner in which they conceptualize their mediations with Hugo. By picking a rights-based methodology, the ocial worker’s discourse with respect to Hugo’s rights won't just have a progressively worldwide tone, however it will require the social laborer to utilize extra aptitudes to connect with Hugo in a conversation that engages Hugo to characterize his privileges. Ife (2008) affirms that this sort of social work practice can possibly accomplish something other than address an individual’s least needs yet takes into consideration social work to be transformative by building a general public â€Å"held together by common regard for human privileges everything being equal and dependent on ideas of reliance, shared help and aggregate well-being† (p. 13). The test for the social laborer is to raise conversations and practice past working just with the individual case by participating in discoursed and activities that â€Å"link their calling to financial, political and social points of society as a whole† (Riechert, 2007, p. 31). The social specialist faces numerous difficulties when making a change in outlook from a necessities based methodology of social work to a raised practice that centers around human rights. The necessities based methodology, where the supplier distinguishes or analyze the â€Å"client’s† needs into thin classes, and afterward gives an engaged â€Å"intervention†, is profoundly imbued in the conventional models of training. For instance, the clinical model is still broadly acknowledged as best practice and is regularly utilized in social assistance projects and offices. When adopting the human rights strategy, the social specialist will reframe Hugo’s experience with the goal that his privileges are recognized first, at that point used to re-conceptualize the requirements that must be met so as to complete his privileges. The social laborer additionally faces the test of upholding for Hugo to get administrations that help his right-based needs in frameworks with contending esteems. The rights-based methodology clashes with office rehearses at a mezzo level, for example, the utilization a clinical treatment model that may not be socially delicate or concentrated on Hugo’s rights. The social laborer may likewise encounter clashes of qualities on a large scale level while upholding for financing for Hugo’s administrations. The state as well as central government, who give financing to the social administrations, may put an incentive on giving minimal measure of administrations for least expense to citizens instead of on Hugo’s neglected rights. On a miniaturized scale level, the social laborer may encounter troubles building compatibility with Hugo on account of their disparities in sexual orientation, ethic foundation, force, instruction, and financial status. Level’s and Dimensions of Hugo’s Well Being The Universal Declaration of Human Rights built up worldwide standards of human rights that set the priority that all individuals reserve the privilege to a â€Å"a way of life satisfactory for their wellbeing and prosperity; including food, apparel, lodging, and clinical consideration and vital social administrations, and the privilege to security in case of joblessness, affliction, disability†¦ or other absence of occupation in conditions past his control† (United Nations, 1994). Hugo’s social specialist can talk about Hugo’s prosperity in a human rights structure by investigating the spaces of prosperity that sway Hugo’s day by day life. The social laborer and Hugo may need to build up a language to use as they talk about Hugo’s educational encounters, in the event that they are going to effectively change from a necessities based worldview to a rights-based worldview. The social laborer can utilize the seven areas of prosperity to help deconstruct the necessities based reasoning and language that has been the setting for the â€Å"interventions† Hugo has gotten from social administrations before. Conversations utilizing the spaces of prosperity may include: training, emotional well-being, physical wellbeing, political and lawful, social, and otherworldly. In the wake of arriving at the 5-year limit for open budgetary advantages, Hugo doesn't approach the assets required to give food, safe house and apparel. Hugo’s metal and physical working has been affected subsequent to encountering a progression of injuries, restricting Hugo’s access to training and business. Hugo encounters numerous degrees of abuse and separation which he may have disguised creation it hard for him â€Å"to perceive his capacities, adapt to typical worries of life, work beneficially and make a commitment to his community† (World Health Organization, 1999). Hugo has encountered physical injuries that have affected his physical capacities. As a foreigner in the United States Hugo doesn't have reasonable or equivalent access to legitimate help or assurance by laws. The segregation that Hugo encounters additionally impacts Hugo’s capacity to be viewed as an esteemed individual from the general public his is living in. The social specialist can bolster Hugo by investigating all parts of Hugo’s prosperity so he can find how to begin to advocate for his privileges that are enveloped by every one of these life spaces Plan of Engagement, Empowerment and Participation After further investigating different parts of Hugo’s prosperity, that would likewise incorporate Hugo’s resources or qualities, the soci

European/Russian New Cultural Mixing Essay - 275 Words

European/Russian New Cultural Mixing (NW) (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Date: European/Russian New Cultural Mixing (NW) The high level of immigration into European countries has greatly influenced cultural mixing in most of the regions major cities. The presence of individuals from different ethnic backgrounds such as Africans and Asians as well as multiple religions that include Islam and Christianity has affected most indigenous cultures in Europe and the ongoing trend threatens to steer a new way of life that would negatively shake the regions social heritage (Rydgren, 737). While the high immigration into European largest cities has had some benefits that include the provision of low-wage labor and skills, it has also brought about numerous problems that need to be addressed if people are to live in harmony and uphold Europes major cultures that have made it unique. One of the European cities that are increasingly becoming multicultural is Marseille. The city is found in Provence, South Eastern France and is the seco nd largest after Paris. Its location along the Mediterranean Sea makes it strategic for visitors from all regions of the world and this is among the reasons for its vast cultural mixing which has made it different compared to the countrys other cities. According to Dickey (Para, 1), Marseilles immigrants are often forced to seek refuge in the city by issues such as national instability, poverty, diseases and the fear of persecution especially for some of the individuals who appear to oppose the manner in which their countries are governed. The countrys far-right politicians who are mainly concerned with the welfare of its mainstream citizens have raised concerns over the high influx of Muslim immigrants and believe that the failure to control the extent of influence posed by new cultures may eventually have all women in Marseille forced to wear Burkas. However, this is not likely to happen. The reason is that Muslims still constitute the fewest people in Marseille compared to the re gions native people plus immigrants from other regions of the world. Marseille has immigrants who come from various regions across the globe with the majority being those from African and Arabic descent. It means that those individuals from African countries mostly adopt the mainstream cultures given that it is people from Frances former colonies who move to the country. It is apparent that nations that were colonized by France such as DRC Congo, Senegal and Cameroon are normally attached to the country in a number of ways and aspects such as language, religion and cultural practices are often similar. As a result, it is only Muslim women especially those from the Arab world who continue to uphold the Islamic principles that include wearing Burkas and obliged with domestic duties. Dickey (Para, 2) makes it clear that despite the fact that most of the men and women an individual is likely to encounter in Marseille are either African or Arabic, young women appear to be wearing bikini s other than burkas which is a clear indication that Islam is unlikely to dominate. The fact that the number of contraband individuals in the region seems to be on the increase means that the Islamic culture will continue to be inferior since Islam as a region can never be associated with acts such drinking and other illegal activities that have become the norm in Marseille. The issue of racism is also evident in Marseille and is influenced by the prospect of people from different ethnic groups tending to bias against one another or be suspicious towards each other. A good example is the situation whereby people who are not Muslims are normally insulted or prejudiced by being looked at in a suspicious manner whenever they go around neighborhoods that are dominated by Arabs (Dickey, Para. 6). However, people tend to be mutually respectful while in public places such as beaches where individuals hardly identify themselves with their ethnic backgrounds, but as Marseille residents. It is evident that racism is present in the rest of Europe. To begin with, Europe has been greatly associated with colonialism than any other continent in the globe (Zick et al, 234). Germany is one of the European countries whereby inter-group relations have never been smooth. It is quite appalling how immigrants hardly receive citizenship simply due to their different racial or ethnic background and never mind whether a progeny is born and brought up within the country. According to Zick et al, European media and scientific researches continue to report about extreme cases of prejudice and racial discrimination with immigrants being the highly targeted. Foreign workers in Europe have for long been blamed for the regions escalating social and economic problems, something that shows the lack of appreciation from Europeans towards immigrants notwithstanding some of the benefits they offer. It is true that the mayor of Marseille, Jean-Claude Gaudin does not know how many of his people ar e of Arab or African descent. This is because the city is mainly comprised of people who come into the country through immigration and the fact that those who come from African countries such as Algeria or the Arab world may resemble one another makes it difficult to know their respective backgrounds. Gaudin is also not aware of the religion, race or ethnicity of the citys region because it is usually illegal for any official or census taker to record such details during tallying processes (Dickey, Para.13). However, this is not common throughout Europe since as Rydgren (740) puts it, most countries use the exact i... European/Russian New Cultural Mixing Essay - 275 Words European/Russian New Cultural Mixing (NW) (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Date: European/Russian New Cultural Mixing (NW) The high level of immigration into European countries has greatly influenced cultural mixing in most of the regions major cities. The presence of individuals from different ethnic backgrounds such as Africans and Asians as well as multiple religions that include Islam and Christianity has affected most indigenous cultures in Europe and the ongoing trend threatens to steer a new way of life that would negatively shake the regions social heritage (Rydgren, 737). While the high immigration into European largest cities has had some benefits that include the provision of low-wage labor and skills, it has also brought about numerous problems that need to be addressed if people are to live in harmony and uphold Europes major cultures that have made it unique. One of the European cities that are increasingly becoming multicultural is Marseille. The city is found in Provence, South Eastern France and is the seco nd largest after Paris. Its location along the Mediterranean Sea makes it strategic for visitors from all regions of the world and this is among the reasons for its vast cultural mixing which has made it different compared to the countrys other cities. According to Dickey (Para, 1), Marseilles immigrants are often forced to seek refuge in the city by issues such as national instability, poverty, diseases and the fear of persecution especially for some of the individuals who appear to oppose the manner in which their countries are governed. The countrys far-right politicians who are mainly concerned with the welfare of its mainstream citizens have raised concerns over the high influx of Muslim immigrants and believe that the failure to control the extent of influence posed by new cultures may eventually have all women in Marseille forced to wear Burkas. However, this is not likely to happen. The reason is that Muslims still constitute the fewest people in Marseille compared to the re gions native people plus immigrants from other regions of the world. Marseille has immigrants who come from various regions across the globe with the majority being those from African and Arabic descent. It means that those individuals from African countries mostly adopt the mainstream cultures given that it is people from Frances former colonies who move to the country. It is apparent that nations that were colonized by France such as DRC Congo, Senegal and Cameroon are normally attached to the country in a number of ways and aspects such as language, religion and cultural practices are often similar. As a result, it is only Muslim women especially those from the Arab world who continue to uphold the Islamic principles that include wearing Burkas and obliged with domestic duties. Dickey (Para, 2) makes it clear that despite the fact that most of the men and women an individual is likely to encounter in Marseille are either African or Arabic, young women appear to be wearing bikini s other than burkas which is a clear indication that Islam is unlikely to dominate. The fact that the number of contraband individuals in the region seems to be on the increase means that the Islamic culture will continue to be inferior since Islam as a region can never be associated with acts such drinking and other illegal activities that have become the norm in Marseille. The issue of racism is also evident in Marseille and is influenced by the prospect of people from different ethnic groups tending to bias against one another or be suspicious towards each other. A good example is the situation whereby people who are not Muslims are normally insulted or prejudiced by being looked at in a suspicious manner whenever they go around neighborhoods that are dominated by Arabs (Dickey, Para. 6). However, people tend to be mutually respectful while in public places such as beaches where individuals hardly identify themselves with their ethnic backgrounds, but as Marseille residents. It is evident that racism is present in the rest of Europe. To begin with, Europe has been greatly associated with colonialism than any other continent in the globe (Zick et al, 234). Germany is one of the European countries whereby inter-group relations have never been smooth. It is quite appalling how immigrants hardly receive citizenship simply due to their different racial or ethnic background and never mind whether a progeny is born and brought up within the country. According to Zick et al, European media and scientific researches continue to report about extreme cases of prejudice and racial discrimination with immigrants being the highly targeted. Foreign workers in Europe have for long been blamed for the regions escalating social and economic problems, something that shows the lack of appreciation from Europeans towards immigrants notwithstanding some of the benefits they offer. It is true that the mayor of Marseille, Jean-Claude Gaudin does not know how many of his people ar e of Arab or African descent. This is because the city is mainly comprised of people who come into the country through immigration and the fact that those who come from African countries such as Algeria or the Arab world may resemble one another makes it difficult to know their respective backgrounds. Gaudin is also not aware of the religion, race or ethnicity of the citys region because it is usually illegal for any official or census taker to record such details during tallying processes (Dickey, Para.13). However, this is not common throughout Europe since as Rydgren (740) puts it, most countries use the exact i...

Effects Of Light Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1495 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Many species rely on natural light sources to set activity times for accomplishing activities like navigation and reproduction. Throughout the world, more than one billion people live within a hundred kilometers of a coastline. This causes many coastline marine ecosystems to be exposed to nighttime artificial light. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effects Of Light Pollution" essay for you Create order (Figure 1, Davies et al. 2014). This addition of light alters the natural cycle of many species. The release of the hormone, melatonin, can be disrupted (Rodriguez et al. 2018). This hormone controls the circadian rhythm. In 2010, 354,760 kilometers of the worlds coastlines were exposed to nightly artificial light pollution with Europe having the highest amount of coastline affected by light pollution (Davies et al. 2014). Glare, skyglow, light trespass, and clutter make up light pollution. Glare is the undue brightness of a light source. Over-illumination is the use of too much light. Light clutter is having too many lights in a single location. Light trespass is the presence of light in unwanted areas. Skyglow is the increase in the brightness of the sky due to the scattering of light by water, dust and atmospheric gas molecules (Gaston et al. 2012). The sources of light pollution can be divided into two groups: temporary sources and permanent sources. Temporary sources include lights from shipping and light fisheries. Offshore oil platforms and land-based developments are examples of permanent sources. Light pollution can cause disorientation in many species that use natural light cues to navigate like sea turtle hatchlings. Bird strikes can also occur on artificially lit vessels at sea (Figure 3, Davies et al. 2014). The broadening spectrum of artificial light increases the opportunities for predat ors to find prey. For example, harbor seals have been spotted hunting salmon in illuminated areas (Depledge et al. 2012). The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) currently does not recognize light pollution as a pollutant. There are efforts to quantify the extent of the threat, develop a sound knowledge base and design and implement protective measures. When mapping and modelling light pollution, the vertical and horizontal variability need to be taken into consideration. For example, turbidity affects the intensity of light. The overall impacts of light pollution can be reduced. The intensity and spectrum of artificial light can be controlled by using narrow band optical filters and LEDs. Long term databases can quantify light pollution and monitor the effectiveness of reduction measures. Since 1992, The U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System has been collecting measurements of artificial light (Kamrowski et al. 2012). The International Dark-Sky Associations Dark Sky Parks and the United Kingdoms Science and Technology Facilities Councils Dark Sky Discovery Sites are examples of national and international programs that focus on the importance of dark skies. By creating marine dark sky parks the effects of light pollution can be limited and the benefits to society, the environment, and the economic gains through nature tourism are maximized (Davies et al. 2014). In Norfolk County, Massachusetts, Lake Waban is surrounded by residential and commercial areas as well as major highways. Within this lake the depth distribution of zooplankton is affected by light. When there is a full moon, the light decreases the movement of Daphnia (Moore et al, 2000). Moore et al. (2000) conducted a study to determine if the extent of zooplankton migration is affected by urban light sources. Three black enclosures and 3 clear enclosures that were closed at the top and open on the bottom were set up at 11.5 meters whic h is the deepest part of the lake. In the black enclosures, there was the greatest amount of movement of Daphnia (Figure 1, Moore et al. 2000). When there was light pollution, there was either no diel vertical migration of Daphnia or its movement was reduced to an undetectable distance. In clear lakes with low concentration of dissolved organic carbon and algae, the effects of light pollution should be the greatest (Moore et al. 2000). The effects of light pollution on sea turtles is well studied because they are vulnerable to disorientation from artificial light near nesting areas. Sea turtle hatchlings rely on visual brightness to find their way back to sea. They head away from the dark, landward silhouettes and head towards the open, lower, brighter seaward horizon (Lorne and Salmon 2007). Upon the arrival at sea, sea turtles rely on wave direction and an internal magnetic compass (Thums et al. 2016). The presence of artificial light sources disrupts this process and the added time spent on the beach can cause exhaustion, dehydration, and increase the risk of predation. Tens of thousands of hatchlings die each year as a result of disorientation (Lorne and Salmon 2007). To better understand how disorientation affects hatchlings, two tests can be conducted: short crawl tests and crawl duration tests. Short crawl tests determine if the ability of a hatchling to swim away from shore is affected by a brief crawl in the wrong direction. A crawl duration test determines whether or not the length of time turtles spend going in the wrong direction affects their ability to find the sea.A 2-hr misdirected crawl weakens the ability to crawl on straight paths to the sea. As the number of heavily lit beaches increases, the number of available dark nesting beaches will decrease. This means that there will be a greater concentration of nesting females on suitable beaches which leads to greater competition. Also, having to find new beaches may take hatchlings away from beaches that have favorable oceanographic conditions. The presence of ocean waves impacts the hatchlings ability to make it to sea. In the presence of waves, all hatchlings oriented away from the sho re . When no waves were present, the hatchlings that started from the west were not oriented to the sea. Five swam parallel to the shore, one remained at the release site, one swam away from shore then reversed direction and returned to the release site and three others swam away from shore. This shows that when waves are absent, offshore orientation depends on the successful completion of a seaward-directed crawl (Figure 2, Lorne and Salmon 2007). To better understand how light affects green sea turtle hatchlings at Wobiri Beach, North West Cape, Western Australia, miniature acoustic transmitters and passive receiver arrays were deployed. The transmitters would detach from each animal after one to two weeks. Acoustic receivers were set up in parallel rows beginning from the low tide mark. The tagged hatchlings were released under two conditions: ambient light and artificial light. The information gathered included the total time spent in the array, speed of each turtle and the bearing from where it was released to where it left the array. The results showed that one one hatchling returned to shore after arriving at the light but it finally left shore and the array. Ocean conditions differed on each night of this study. During the first night, there was a strong wind blowing from the west. The swell waves that usually break parallel to shore were disrupted. One the second night, there was little wind and waves. The turtles spen t more time in the lit array on the first night. In the ambient treatment, hatchlings had similar movement patterns on both nights. In the artificial lit array, the hatchlings were strongly attracted to the light (Figure 3, Thums et al. 2017). Also shown by the black line in part d of this figure is one hatchling that returned to shore after reaching the light and then headed out to sea and left the array. Six out the seven species of sea turtles nest along Australias coastline. There are several factors that affect how bright a light appears to a turtle: the light intensity, wavelength and turtle spectral sensitivity (Kamrowski et al. 2012). Hatchlings are sensitive to wavelengths of light between violet and green (400-500 nanometers). There are ten nesting locations throughout Australia that are potentially at risk from light pollution (Figure 2, Kamrowski et al. 2012). In Western Australia, loggerhead turtles appeared relatively unaffected by light pollution. In the eastern Australian management unit, 22% of the nesting sites had light pollution exposure (Kamrowski et al. 2012). For green sea turtles, in eastern Australia, the risk of light pollution in the southern Great Barrier Reef stock was significantly higher than the northern stock. Olive ridley sea turtles were relatively unaffected by light pollution. Lastly, North West Shelf flatback sea turtles appeared to be exposed to s ignificantly more light pollution than sites in eastern Australia (Kamrowski et al. 2000). This paper took a large spatial approach and the results can help in developing effective management tools for protecting sea turtles from artificial light. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has set guidelines for assisting disorientated hatchlings. According to these guidelines, if hatchlings fail to crawl seaward, they should be moved closer to the water or released in shallow water near the shore. These guidelines fail to address the proper locations for releases. These locations should be on a dark beach and different locations on the beach should be used each night because predators can learn where the hatchlings enter the water (Lorne and Salmon 2007).

Implementing The Above Decisions Reached By Sir Adam Smith

Assuming that I decide to implement the above decisions reached by sir Adam Smith, the potentially interested stakeholders that would be displeased by the decision would be, the company as whole which comprises of the employees, junior and senior management, board of directors and shareholders associated, apart from them there would be suppliers, distributors and channel partners which include health care systems that help the company promote their baby food products to potential customers being mothers. The recommendation that I would suggest, that according to me should be palatable to these stakeholders would be, first to be a genuine company that seeks public good instead of deceiving their trust and manipulating their demand for achieving few profits. Furthermore I would suggest that the company and the stakeholders should stop playing around with people’s feelings and emotions causing them to risk the lives of their loved ones just for their own and company’s in terest just by advertising lies and tricking the customers who get ripped apart for their decision of trusting the company for selling and meeting their needs as promoted which is unfair. As a result they should stop these practices and become honest, fair and creditable. According to the capitalist decision rule regarding morality of action the company should carry out the cost benefit analysis which would firstly comprise of cost to the firm for taking the action that would include prices to decrease andShow MoreRelatedDoes Sustainability Reporting Improve Corporate Behaviour?: Wrong Question? Right Time?14566 Words   |  59 Pages2004:14) *The author is Professor of Social and Environmental Accounting at the University of St Andrews. 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Panama Canal Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Panama Canal Argumentative Essay The canal was the best thing that ever happened to Panama. The Panama Canal was started under President Roosevelt and completed by his successor, William Howard Taft. The canal was built across an isthmus, a narrow body of land that connects two larger land areas, which connects North and South America. In some places in Panama the isthmus is only 50 miles across. The French started the canal in the late 1800’s. They had just built the then famous Suez Canal with relative ease. The Suez Canal, unlike the Panama Canal, was a straight canal on level ground, in a relatively dry climate. The French had failed in building the Panama Canal because of the tropical climate, in which deadly tropical diseases consumed their workers, and because of the mountain range in which they could not cut through. He had planned to build the canal in the way of the Suez Canal, straight and sea level. You can see the trouble with trying to cut out that much land, through the mountain range, making i t at sea level. The Americans tried their hand in the early 1900’s. Three main people helped made the canal a success. Teddy Roosevelt was one of those people; he saw the military importance of a canal. He called for the cruiser, Oregon, to sail around South America from San Francisco to Cuba so it could be present in the battle at Santiago Bay. The entire journey took ten weeks. He was the driving force in getting the permission to build the canal because he realized the importance of having a â€Å"shortcut† through the isthmus, bypassing sailing around South America. A trip from San Francisco to New York via Cape Horn is 15,200 miles, but going through the isthmus is only 6,100 miles. The second person was Colonel William Gorgas, who was chosen to stamp out the deadly tropical diseases. The third was the great engineer, Colonel George Goethals, who was charged with cutting through the treacherous mountain range. Instead of cutting straight though the land, he devise d building lochs, in which the boats would be raised gradually. Back then the land in which the canal was to be built was owned by Columbia. Theodore Roosevelt asked the Columbians for permission to build the canal, but they refused. People living on the isthmus were dissenting from the Columbian government and eventually revolted and set up the independent Republic of Panama. â€Å"It was Roosevelt who â€Å"took the isthmus,† regardless of the niceties of international law and Congressional debate.† – The Good Neighbor: Teddy’s Big Ditch, Building the Canal. When the Panamanians revolted Teddy saw this as the perfect investment to get the canal underway. He supported the Panamanians and sent warships to stop any help from the Columbian government to put down the rebellion. The Panamanians declared their independence and were very grateful towards the Americans. The Americans leased a strip of land, called the Panama Canal Zone, for $10,000,000. The land was forty-five miles long and ten miles wide and the American’s paid a $430,000 rent every year. In 1904, they agreed to let the United States build the canal, which was continued on the old French canal. The canal cost a little more than $395,000,000 and was considered the â€Å"†¦greatest man-made waterway†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Our American Neighbors: Panama, Crossroads of the World. The canal has been a great source of revenue for the U.S. and Panama. Each ship that passes through the canal pays by the ton of cargo it has. The larger ships that pass through the canal pay from $15,000 to $20,000. The 52,000 American and Panamanians that lived in the Panama Canal Zone were employed in some way to the canal. It provided jobs for many people. The U.S. government has built and maintained homes, libraries, hospitals, clubs, and schools in the Canal Zone. Because of the canal Panama has been become known to the world as â€Å"the crossroads of the world.† Panama ha s become a very diverse country, with peoples ranging from Japanese, Chinese, West Indies, Frenchmen, Italians, Turks, Americans, and Panamanians. .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 , .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .postImageUrl , .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 , .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3:hover , .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3:visited , .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3:active { border:0!important; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3:active , .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3 .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f8e5e8fc38b5ac57c6b92a4ddea40c3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism Essay Much of the population realizes the American importance in Panama and the benefits that they have brought to Panama. About 71 percent of the population of Panama said that the American bases were healthy for the country, and 8 out of 10 people said that the American bases should have stayed. Because of the Americans and the canal the Panamanians have a standardized currency, the dollar. The canal has brought good American schools and Americans in the Canal Zone â€Å"inject† about $300 million into the local economy every year, that’s the country’s third largest source of income. The Panama Canal and the Americans that it brought was the best thing to happen to Panama. It brought diversity to the country as well as many good American institutions, such as school, libraries, and hospitals. It brought good education to the country as well as a standardized currency. The Canal Zone employed many of the residents and the Americans living there put in $300 million a year into the economy. The canal itself is a good source of income to the Panamanians; when the Americans paid the rent when they were there and now, from ships paying fees. Overall, the Panamanians greatly benefited from the canal as a people and as a country. Bibliography:

Sociolinguistic Approaches Towards Gender Differences free essay sample

A critical evaluation of two sociolinguistic studies which demonstrate the Difference and Dominance positions regarding the differences in female and male language usage. This paper discusses the two contrasting theories regarding gender differences in speech: the Dominance approach and the Difference approach, by reference to Deborah Tannen?s study You Just Don?t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation and West and Zimmerman?s study Sex Roles, Interruptions and Silences in Conversation. The paper critically evaluates these positions and considers explanations for the differences in male and female languages usage. In conclusion, the paper reviews possible strategies to decrease the confusion, frustration and hurt that is caused by men and women?s contrasting speech styles. A wide range of socio-linguistic research shows that men and women do use speech in different ways. Yet interpretations of these differences, and arguments concerning what causes them are complex and varied. The two main stances taken when analyzing gender and language are a Dominance approach or a Difference approach, with some linguists taking a position somewhere in between the two. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociolinguistic Approaches Towards Gender Differences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper evaluates two studies that demonstrate a Difference and a Dominance approach and explores the different ways in which they analyze gender differences in speech.

Learn About Common Cores IEP Math Goals

Learn About Common Core's IEP Math Goals The IEP math goals below are aligned to the Common Core State Standards, and are designed in a progressive manner: once the top numeration goals are met, your students should be moving on through these goals and onto the intermediate grade goals. The goals that are printed come directly from the site created by the Council of Chief State School Officers, and adopted by 42 states, the American Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia. Feel free to copy and paste these suggested goals into your IEP documents. Johnny Student is listed where your students name belongs. Counting and Cardinality Students need to be able to count to 100 by ones.  IEP  goals in this area include examples such as: When given numbers representing numerals between one and 10, Johnny Student will order and name the numbers in the correct order, for eight out of 10 numbers with 80 percent accuracy in three of four consecutive trials.When given a hundred chart with 20 of the number blocks blank, Johnny Student will write the correct numbers in the blanks for 16 of 20 blanks (demonstrating 80 percent accuracy) in three of four consecutive trials.   Counting Forward Students need to be able to count forward beginning from a given number within the known sequence (instead of having to begin at one). Some possible goals in this area include: When given a card with a number between one and 20, Johnny Student will count up five numbers from the number on the card, with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials.When given written sequences of numbers (such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) with five blanks, Johnny Student will correctly write the numbers in the five blanks, with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials. Writing Numbers to 20 Students should be able to write numbers from zero to 20 and also represent a number of objects with a written numeral (0 to 20). This skill is often referred to as one-to-one correspondence where a student demonstrates an understanding that a set or array of objects is represented by a particular number. Some possible goals in this area might read: When given 10 picture arrays representing numbers between one and 10, Johnny Student will correctly write the corresponding number in the accompanying box (on the accompanying line) for eight of 10 numbers (showing 80 percent) in three of four consecutive trials.When given an array of counters and a set of number cards from one to 10, Johnny Student will find the corresponding number and lay it next to the array with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials. Understanding Relationships Between Numbers Students need to understand the relationship between numbers and quantities. Goals in this area might include: When given a template with 10 squares, and presented with counters in varied arrays from one to 10, Johnny Student will count aloud, naming each counter as it is placed in a square with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials.When given an array of counters from one to 20, Johnny Student will count the counters and answer the question, How many did you count? with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials.

Nursing Manager Skill Inventory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Manager Skill Inventory - Essay Example My personal growth and development have always been my strongest points during my clinical experience and I would mention this as an expert practice. I am always in process of self-analysis and to work that out properly, I make strong plans for future and try my best to act upon them. To set high standards of ethical and moral behavior has always been my strength. I would rate myself as skillful and competent in the field of professional association involvement. Professional associations for networking and increasing social circle in my field for the better discussion on various topics in on top of my list and I strongly intend to apply that. I have certifications to prove this claim. Career Planning I have always tried my best to keep my professional work above everything else and that is why I am well equipped with tools and requirements that complete my professional abilities and I consider myself expert in this field. I have a strong and well-developed understanding of the professional demands that I have to cater in future I have strong and firm plans as for how I would achieve those goals. In spite of my strength goals, I would consider myself as a flexible person who is receptive to positive change. Personal Journey Disciplines Development of individual leadership qualities and strengthening them has always been a top priority for me in the field of nursing. I have strong leadership qualities and patients, as well as my fellow works, look up to me when they intend to take any suggestions. For me, action learning and reflective practice would be placed as competitive skill. I always work for achieving high ranks in any clinical setting I work in. Reflective Practice Reference Behaviors/Tenets I am not only well equipped with latest and current guidelines but I also put them in action and see their reflection in my professional ability. I always value integrity and truth in my profession and take it to highest possible levels. Diversity is a tool I am skillful at but I would regard myself a complete expert when it comes to holding multiple perspectives without biased opinion, in discovering potentials of life and keeping my commitments to myself. I do however get emotional with my patients and that at times e ffects my professional ability to stay focused. Current Leadership Skills as Method of Improvement I intend to use my leadership to improve workplace on individual and professional grounds for the whole team. I am always in search of knowledge that can help me understand new things so that I can work in a better manner for my patients. I also try to improve the workplace by mutual discussions and problem sharing with other colleagues. I always want to see a positive change in the workplace and I try my best in doing that too.  

Engel vs Vitale Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engel vs Vitale - Research Paper Example Amen†. The parents of the students filed a case against the school for violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. Issue: Whether or not the recitation of the prayer violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. Held: The Supreme Court held that the mandatory requirement of recitation of an official prayer in a public school in unconstitutional as it violated the Establishment Clause of the Constitution. â€Å"The justices have observed that the place of religion in our society is an exalted one, but in the relationship between man and religion, the State is firmly committed to a position of neutrality. Students may pray silently as they wish. What the Constitution forbids is the sponsorship or encouragement of prayer, directly or indirectly, by public school authorities (Edwards III, Wattenberg and Lineberry, 107)†. The Court has given an emphasis on the importance of separation between church and state. The promotion of a religious belief by the school through the recitation of a prescribed prayer creates a Constitutional infirmity. It is considered as a religious activity, and the promotion by the school of a particular religious belief to be adapted by its students is constitutionally impermissible. The Court did not agree with the defendant’s position that the promotion of the religious belief is not coercive.  It further explained that mere promotion such as recitation of an official prayer in school is sufficient to establish a violation. The civil liberty of the freedom of religion is a right guaranteed by the Constitution which must be upheld and respected by the school authorities. According to Judge Albert Rosenblatt, â€Å"by Establishment, we mean state religion, in 1791, the framers of the Constitution recognized that the country (USA) would do better not with just a single religion, but a diversity of religion in relation to Madison and Jefferson’s thinking and we value it today as Ameri cans, and felt good about the role of the separation of the church and the state. However, First Amendment prohibits establishment of a religion, it did prohibit state religion which means, when the government did support a national or state religion, which means all tax payers are paying to support a particular a faith or creed that is not yours. As Americans, we do not want the government to support one particular religion. It is not politically ideological, cultural and financial that we pay or support one particular religion† (State Court Watch). Rosenblatt’s view that the separation of the church and the state is inviolable should be upheld. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson has argued that the first amendment created a wall of separation between the church and the state, forbidding not just to favouritism, but also any support to religion at all (Edwards III, Wattenberg and Lineberry, 106).† In this particular case, students should not be exposed to the practice of re citation of a voluntary prayer which is not in accordance with their religious belief. Every person must be given the freedom to choose their own religion and faith. Religious liberty is a right of a person recognized under the constitution. The principle of federalism teaches us that the government of this nation is shared by two sets of sovereigns,

What are the main causes that lead to monopoly Essay

What are the main causes that lead to monopoly - Essay Example The producer should have the necessary infrastructure that includes technology and other requirements which enable them to produce the specific goods or services and sell them at a reasonable price. This situation can be construed as a natural monopoly because the competitors cannot produce such commodities with patented technological capability, which they cannot acquire. The producer will have an exclusive control over a patent with regard to the manufacturing process of a specific product. Moreover, a company may be granted a right to produce a commodity or service by the government (Peterson, Monopoly, 2005). Monopoly bestows upon a producer an exclusive possession of the market. Since, the producer controls the production it is possible for him to reduce production and increase prices with the sole aim of maximizing profits. Monopoly exists whenever the market has barriers to prevent the entry of competitors. The government creates such barriers in the case of natural monopolies. Further, the government itself provides some specific services or goods through local governmental bodies or franchises the same to a company and it regulates the production and prices of goods or services. Moreover, patents also create barriers in the market (Monopoly, 2003). Technological advancement or the necessity to use a particular variety of machinery to produce commodities also serves to discourage competitors. Furthermore, large scale production and integrated operations enhance efficiency, and cost effective measures reduces prices. Adopting such measures will be beneficial to companies to cut down costs and provide goods to the consumers at reduced rates. Monopoly arises when a company indulges in anticompetitive activities which create barriers to trade (Monopoly, 2003). In order to avoid abuse of the status of monopoly and to protect the consumers from monopolistic behaviour of companies, most nations

Public Schools and Education - Its Time for Education Reform :: Persuasive Essay, Argumentative

It's Time for Education Reform My sentence is still being carried out and, as such, I am still gathering much damning evidence on the topic. Hopefully I will be able to compose a meaningful -- perhaps even persuasive -- critique of the system. There is quite a bit of bureaucracy and conformity to overcome. The education system is profoundly skewed and this is the second time I have experienced its most significant problem: placement and grading. Most educators place too much value on inflexible systems for identifying proper places for students and estimate their comprehension of the material; there are many factors that may aid or hinder a student's performance on such tests. Yet, even excusing poor test score(s) is not my main intention. Throughout most of my education I felt extreme boredom and "excelled" at all "academic studies" (as ill-defined as they were), which made me rather excited about the prospect of going to college early. I thought the MASMC, focusing on (personal) and academic challenges, should provide the extra stimulation and opportunity to let me "soar." I have come to understand the harsher conformity of lower level courses. In highschool I had precalculus (which actually ended with limits!) and chemistry, and I considered my entrance to calculus and (advanced/secondary) chemistry in college almost guaranteed. I found out about placement tests the night before actually taking them (the best I can remember) but still felt confident after having completed them. I found out little before actually going to the academy that I would be placed back in precalculus and chemistry one. After talking with a few "authorities" I discovered there was one other test I could take. Without even looking at the C I received on the first precalculus (mostly algebra and some trig) test, I took another one. Again, I received a C and felt rather bad. I talked with Dr. Malm to figure out what I did wrong. After looking over the test, I felt somewhat worse: the errors I made were not due to a real lack of understanding, rather they were "stupid errors" from lack of attention, sleepiness, and some misinterpretation. I was assured that the college precalculus course would "fill the holes" of my precalculus education. I doubted it, and was correct: I learned, effectively, nothing in precalculus while spending hours (and taxpayers' money) listening to the same material and doing homework (unnecessary -- I didn't last year and by not doing homework I did not hurt my placement test score). Public Schools and Education - It's Time for Education Reform :: Persuasive Essay, Argumentative It's Time for Education Reform My sentence is still being carried out and, as such, I am still gathering much damning evidence on the topic. Hopefully I will be able to compose a meaningful -- perhaps even persuasive -- critique of the system. There is quite a bit of bureaucracy and conformity to overcome. The education system is profoundly skewed and this is the second time I have experienced its most significant problem: placement and grading. Most educators place too much value on inflexible systems for identifying proper places for students and estimate their comprehension of the material; there are many factors that may aid or hinder a student's performance on such tests. Yet, even excusing poor test score(s) is not my main intention. Throughout most of my education I felt extreme boredom and "excelled" at all "academic studies" (as ill-defined as they were), which made me rather excited about the prospect of going to college early. I thought the MASMC, focusing on (personal) and academic challenges, should provide the extra stimulation and opportunity to let me "soar." I have come to understand the harsher conformity of lower level courses. In highschool I had precalculus (which actually ended with limits!) and chemistry, and I considered my entrance to calculus and (advanced/secondary) chemistry in college almost guaranteed. I found out about placement tests the night before actually taking them (the best I can remember) but still felt confident after having completed them. I found out little before actually going to the academy that I would be placed back in precalculus and chemistry one. After talking with a few "authorities" I discovered there was one other test I could take. Without even looking at the C I received on the first precalculus (mostly algebra and some trig) test, I took another one. Again, I received a C and felt rather bad. I talked with Dr. Malm to figure out what I did wrong. After looking over the test, I felt somewhat worse: the errors I made were not due to a real lack of understanding, rather they were "stupid errors" from lack of attention, sleepiness, and some misinterpretation. I was assured that the college precalculus course would "fill the holes" of my precalculus education. I doubted it, and was correct: I learned, effectively, nothing in precalculus while spending hours (and taxpayers' money) listening to the same material and doing homework (unnecessary -- I didn't last year and by not doing homework I did not hurt my placement test score).

Protestant Reformation Essay

In the early sixteenth century, Western Europe’s religious face was dominated by the Roman Catholic faith. The Catholic Church was the sole athority power of day to day values, and before long, conflicting social and political issues began to shake the foundation of the corrupt Catholic Church. Moreover, Western Catholics began to realize the corrupt nature of the Church; as the selling of indulgences was challenged by Martin Luther’s 95 Theses, the hierarchal nature of the Church was displayed via blatant acts of simony, and the concept was purgatory was outwardly questioned. Ultimately, as westerners caught wind of the aforementioned doings, an attempt to reform the Catholic Church began brewing: the Protestant Reformation. This Reformation ultimately led to several significant social and political consequences. On one note, the Reformation led to the once-all Catholic western Europeans being separated into several demographics: Catholic Christianty, Protestant Christianty, and Orthodox. As a result, the belief of the founder Jesus Christ was magnified, as well as the belief of the Bible as a doctrine of salvation (in the Protestant faith). Consequently, the popularity of the Bible led to it being printed in vernacular rather than Latin, and thus the Bible began to appeal to a larger audience rather than solely the wealthy and educated. This accessiblity to the lower class revealed the teachings of faith to a previously uninformed demographic. Also, Protestantism had created a new, highly individual spirituality. Survival and salvation depended upon inner faith and self-disclipline, thus a larger emphasis was made on personal commitments and values. As the teachings of the Bible were made more widely availible, the aforementioned notions became more widely available. With this newfound knowledge, and with the economic power of the church now lessened, there came a growth of induvidual liberty. These newfound attitudes and economic turn-around consequently reflected principes of, and led to, capitalism. On another hand, another consequence of the Reformation was many dispays of intolerance. More specifically, King Phillip II of Spain and Bloody Maryof England actively persecuted Protestants. Also, with the Reformation leaving the Church’s power teetering, several Rulers were empowered against the Church. Henry VII, for example, nullified the Pope’s powers, and in turn the Rulers of Europe had the power to rule their countries however they wished, from square one. This, ultimately, gave rise to the notion of nationalism, which gave rise to the growth of the modern state. Conclusively, the effects of the Protestant Reformation were very much significant. Starting in the hands of Martin Luther, the reform not only tore apart the religious unity of Europe at the time, but also contributed to induvidual attitudes and values, the growth of nationalism and the modern state, but also shined a light on the path to a capitalistic society.

Female Convicts on Californias Death Row